Energy Required for Phase Change
Formulas
- Heating/Cooling Energy: Q = m × c × ΔT
- Latent Heat: Q = m × L
Thermal Properties
- Specific Heat Capacity of Ice: 2100 J/kg°C
- Specific Heat Capacity of Water: 4186 J/kg°C
- Specific Heat Capacity of Steam: 2000 J/kg°C
- Latent Heat of Fusion (melting/freezing): 334000 J/kg
- Latent Heat of Vaporization (boiling/condensation): 2260000 J/kg